Boiler

ABSTRACT

A boiler adapted to be fired by oil or gas for heating liquid, which comprises three double-walled bell-shaped hollow bodies of different diameters arranged in radially and axially spaced relationship to each other and extending one within the other so as to form interconnecting passage means therebetween, the open end of the smallest diameter hollow body being adjacent to the bottom of the adjacent larger hollow body and the bottom of the latter being adjacent to the bottom of the next outer hollow body so that said passage means has a meandering course, the inner wall of the smallest diameter double-walled hollow body defining a combustion chamber communicating with said passage means.

United States Patent [721 lnventor Rene Gossalter CH 6301, Zug Owl, Switzerland [21] Appl. No; 828,404 [22] Filed May 27, 1969 [45] Patented Oct. 12, 1971 [54] BOILER 11 Claims, 4 Drawing Figs.

[52] U.S.Cl 122/136 R, 122/406 R 51 rm. Cl F221: 7 00 [50] Field of Search 122/135 AE,136,33,406,37

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,502,071 3/1950 Baumann et a1. 122/135 2,674,981 4/1954 Clarkson 122/136 FOREIGN PATENTS 897,424 5/1962 Great Britain 122/33 1,011,416 12/1965 Great Britain 122/33 Primary Examiner-Kenneth W. Sprague ABSTRACT: A boiler adapted to be fired by oil or gas for heating liquid, which comprises three double-walled bellshaped hollow bodies of different diameters arranged in radially and axially spaced relationship to each other and extending one within the other so as to form interconnecting passage means therebetween, the open end of the smallest diameter hollow body being adjacent to the bottom of the adjacent larger hollow body and the bottom of the latter being adjacent to the bottom of the next outer hollow body so that said passage means has a meandering course, the inner wall of the smallest diameter double-walled hollow body defining a combustion chamber communicating with said passage means.

PATENTEI] UB1 1 2 l97| SHEET 2 OF 2 INVENTOR.

6055a I 1* er Rene BOILER The present invention relates co an oilor gas-fired boiler for heating one or more liquids.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved boiler of this type which will in particular have an improved economy and will be of extremely simple construction.

This object and other objects and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly from the following specification in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrates a section through animproved boiler according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a section similar to that of FIG. 1 diagrammatically illustrating a modified boiler according to the invention.

FIG. 3 is a section taken along the line IIl--III of FIG. 2

FIG. 4 shows a further modified boiler according to the invention for heating a plurality of liquids.

The boiler according to the invention is characterized primarily in that it comprises three double-walled bell-shaped hollow bodies of different diameter and open unilaterally while being so arranged that the hollow body having the smallest diameter is substantially centrally located in two substantially centrally or slightly eccentrically arranged doublewalled bell-shaped hollow bodies while the unilateral opening of said hollow body with the smallest diameter is located opposite to and remote from the unilateral opening of the hollow body surrounding same.

The boiler according to the present invention is furthermore characterized in that between three double-walled bell-shaped hollow bodies the same or a different spacing is provided whereby two annular flues are formed while the cylindrical or conical hollow chamber of the inserted innennost bell-shaped hollow body forms the combustion chamber. The intermediate spaces between the two walls of each bell-shaped double-walled hollow body are passed through either by heating liquids or are filled with a heat-insulating material.

The present invention makes it possible to build boilers which have material advantages over heretofore-known designs, especially inasmuch as the combustion is improved while the expansion of the boiler is effected without the development of tensions. In addition thereto, a boiler according to the present invention will be simple in construction and will have a relatively small overall size.

Referring now to the drawings in detail and FIG. 1 thereof in particular, with the boiler shown in FIG. 1 the two inner double-walled bell-shaped hollow bodies land 2 are passed through by heating liquid 7, whereas the outermost bellshaped double-walled hollow body 3 is filled with heat-insulating material 8. The hollow chamber 4 of the innermost body 1 serves as combustion chamber and receives the oil or gas flame 9. This flame is formed by an oil or gas burner 10. The combustion gases of the flame pass through the annular passages 5 and 6 formed by the bell-shaped bodies of different size to the flue outlet 11. The two inner bell-shaped hollow bodies are interconnected by means of the two pipe sections 12 and 13. The heating liquid to be heated passes for instance through the connection 14 into the boiler system and leaves the boiler through the connection 15 after it has absorbed heat from the flame and the flue gases. The outermost bell-shaped hollow body 3 will at its open side receive a double-walled front lid 16 which is filled with heat-insulating material 8. This lid 16 is hinged (not shown in the drawing) to the hollow body 3 for selectively opening and closing the latter. Flanged to the lid 16 is an oil burner 10 which fires its flame through a central opening in lid 16 and in the bottom of the innermost bell shaped double-walled hollow body 1 into the conical combustion chamber 4. The combustion chamber 4, due to the bell shape of its defining body 1 and the conical or coneshaped restriction up to the outlet opening, has a shape which is particularly favorable for the combustion. The recirculation which is particularly important for the stabilization and intermixing of the flame is indicated by the arrows l7 and can develop unimpededly. In view of the subsequent conical or uniform reduction of the flame cross section up to the exit from the combustion chamber, favorable conditions are obtained for the postcombustion. Bell-shaped combustion chambers with a conical tapering final combustion path make possible a smoke-free and soot-free complete combustion with practically no excess of air. As a result-thereof, the otherwise customary oxygen content in flue gases which amounts to several percent, and the well-known corrosion due to sulfur content in the fuel can no longer be ascertained. In view of the practically stoichiometric combustion, the degree of efficiency with regard to the firing technique is considerably increased because in the first place the loss in excess air which was heretofore required for heating purposes and was frequently considerable, drops to waste gas temperature, and in the second place the heat transfer through the higher content in carbon dioxide of the combustion gases is increased. This represents a considerably improved exploitation of the heat.

A further advantage is obtained by the bell-shape confinement of the combustion gases inasmuch as the disagreeable heat radiation toward the oil burner and the closure lid 16 is obviated. As a result thereof, an expensive additional insulation against this flame reflection is no longer necessary. Also the heretofore necessary expensive lid constructions with water-cooling or air-cooling becomesuperfluous.

Since the double-walled bell-shaped hollow bodies which convey the heating liquids communicate with the next hollow body at one side only,.expansion stresses due to temperature differences can no longer occur. The hollow bodies are freely movable in the direction of their expansion. The application of the invention as illustrated in FIG. 1 furnishes the possibility of so designing all heating-liquid conducting hollow bodies, ie the effective heating surface thereof, that they can easily be installed and removed andthe surfaces acted upon on the flame and flue gas side can easily be checked and controlled. In this way it is also possible to exchange individual particularly stressed parts. By opening the front lid 16 with the burners 10 flanged "thereto, the heating surfaces which have periodically to be cleaned are easily accessible.

According to a further embodiment of the invention as illustrated in FIG. 2, the boiler is provided with an innermost bellshaped double-walled hollow body 1 which surrounds the combustion chamber. The circulating heating liquid is designated with the reference numeral 7. The combustion in the chamber 4 is illustrated by the flame 9 which is aided by the active recirculation 17 of the heating liquid. Between the inner bell-shaped hollow body I and the intermediate hollow body 2 there is provided a conical double-walled hollow cylindrical body la which divides the first flue into two partial flues 5a and 5b. The conical double-walled cylindrical hollow body 2 is likewise passed through by the heating liquid 7. In view of these additional heating surfaces in the first flue, there will with higher boiler outputs be obtained more favorable conditions between the content of the combustion chamber 4 and the subsequent heating surfaces for the flue gas cooling. The two partial flues 5a and 5b unite to form a common last flue 6.

The outermost double-walled bell-shaped hollow body 3 is filled with heat-insulating material 8 and has a flue 11 as well as central supporting means 18 which displaceably support the hollow body 2 in the hollow body 3 for displacement in all directions. The hollow body 3 also comprises an explosion flap 19 which likewise serves for cleaning purposes. The hollow body 3 is supported by the base structure 20 and the lower heating liquid collector 12. The three hollow bodies 1, la and 2 will always on one end only at the bottom and at the top be provided with pipe connections 21, 21a, 22 which are flanged together so as to form collectors 12 and 13. The collector I 3 as well as the hollow body 3 will each be provided with a suspension eye 3 which permits an easy transport of the boiler. The hollow body 3 has at its open sides a double-walled tiltable from lid 16 which is filled with heat insulating material 8. The doublewalled bell-shaped hollow body I is at its closed side provided with an opening 24 for firing and has an opening 25 which in cooperation with the checking sight glass 26 permits the checking of the flame. Flanged to thefron't lid 16 is an oil or gas burner which is adapted to move with the front lid when the latter is being opened.

FIG. 3 represents a cross section through the embodiment of FIG. 2 and shows that the hollow bodies 1, la, 2 and 3 are each slightly eccentrically mounted with regard to each other so as to form difl'erent cross sections for the flue gases. The different flue gas cross sections result in an equalization of the flue gas temperatures prevailing at the bottom and at the top and also bring about a stabilization of the combustion fluctuation.

Boilers according to the present invention may be so designed that they will simultaneously heat a plurality of liquids. Such an arrangement may, for instance, be so designed that the double-walled bell-shaped hollow bodies are filled with different heating liquids which are separated from each other while the heat exchange which may be necessary is effected between the liquids outside the boiler. A further design of a boiler for heating a plurality of liquids is shown in FIG. 4 According to FIG. 4, the bell-shaped double-walled hollow body 2 has its interior once more divided by a wall 2a which may also have a bell shape. The heating liquid 7a may in the thus resulting intermediate chamber between the inner wall of the hollow body 2 and the partition of the hollow body 20 be heated on one hand directly by the inner wall of the hollow body 2, namely by the flame and the flue gases, and on the other had indirectly by the intermediate wall 2a. In the remaining hollow chamber between the partition 2a and the outer wall of the hollow body 2, the heating liquid 7 will circulate. The inner wall of the hollow body 2 may be removed by the aid of the flanges 29 and may then be cleaned from deposits, crusts, lime deposits, etc. In this way the water chamber is freed for the liquid 7a. The design shown in Flg. 4 is particularly suitable for boilers in buildings inasmuch as the heating liquid 7 circulates in the radiators whereas the heating liquid 7a represents the water which may be used for the kitchen or bath.

lt is, of course, to be understood that the present invention is, by no means limited to the particular constructions shown in the drawings but also comprises modifications within the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

l. A boiler for heating at least one liquid, which comprises: three double-walled bell-shaped hollow bodies of different diameters arranged in radially and axially spaced relationship to each other and extending one within the other so as to form intercommunicating passage means therebetween, each of said hollow bodies having a bottom and an oppositely located open end, the open end of the smallest diameter hollow body being adjacent to the bottom of the adjacent larger hollow body and the bottom of the latter being adjacent to the bottom of the next outer hollow body so that said passage means has a meandering course, the inner wall of the smallest diameter double-walled hollow body defining a combustion chamber communicating with said passage means, the bottom of the outermost hollow body is being provided with bearing means, and in which the bottom of that hollow body which is adjacent said outermost hollow body is being provided with means axially displaceably and rotatably journaled in said bearing means.

2. A boiler according to claim 1, in which the space defined by the double wall of the outermost double-walled bell-shaped hollow body contains heat insulating material.

3. A boiler according to claim 1, in which the space confined by the walls of at least one of said double-walled bellshaped hollow bodies forms water jacket means provided with water inlet and outlet means and operable as heat exchanger.

4. A boiler according to claim 1, which includes annular auxiliary chamber means interposed between two adjacent bell-shaped hollow bodies so as to subdivide said passage means therebetween.

5. A boiler according to claim 3, in which said water inlet and outlet means of each of said hollow bodies are located at one end portion thereof only to permit free expansion of the resgaective other endportion. I

. A boiler according to claim 3, in which the outermost one of said hollow bodies is covered by heat-insulating material.

7. A boiler according to claim l, in which the outermost hollow body is provided with a passage therethrough communicating with said passage means and adapted to release flue gases therefrom.

8. A boiler according to claim l, in which the outermost hollow body has its bottom end provided with door means forming safety means during an explosion and also permitting access for cleaning purposes.

9. A boiler according to claim 1, which includes a front door containing heat-insulating material and hinged to that end portion of the outermost hollow body which is remote from the bottom thereof, and burner means carried by said front door and extending from the outside to the inside of said front door.

10. A boiler according to claim 1, in which said combustion chamber tapers in axial direction thereof.

11. A boiler according to claim 3, in which the cross section of the space defined by the walls of at least one double-walled hollow body decreases toward the water outlet means thereof. 

1. A boiler for heating at least one liquid, which comprises: three double-walled bell-shaped hollow bodies of different diameters arranged in radially and axially spaced relationship to each other and extending one within the other so as to form intercommunicating passage means therebetween, each of said hollow bodies having a bottom and an oppositely located open end, the open end of the smallest diameter hollow body being adjacent to the bottom of the adjacent larger hollow body and the bottom of the latter being adjacent to the bottom of the next outer hollow body so that said passage means has a meandering course, the inner wall of the smallest diameter double-walled hollow body defining a combustion chamber communicating with said passage means, the bottom of the outermost hollow body is being provided with bearing means, and in which the bottom of that hollow body which is adjacent said outermost hollow body is being provided with means axially displaceably and rotatably journaled in said bearing means.
 2. A boiler according to claim 1, in which the space defined by the double wall of the outermost double-walled bell-shaped hollow body contains heat insulating material.
 3. A boiler according to claim 1, in which the space confined by the walls of at least one of said double-walled bell-shaped hollow bodies forms water jacket means provided with water inlet and outlet means and operable as heat exchanger.
 4. A boiler according to claim 1, which includes annular auxiliary chamber means interposed between two adjacent bell-shaped hollow bodies so as to subdivide said passage means therebetween.
 5. A boiler according to claim 3, in which said water inlet and outlet means of each of said hollow bodies are located at one end portion thereof only to permit free expansion of the respective other end portion.
 6. A boiler according to claim 3, in which the outermost one of said hollow bodies is covered by heat-insulating material.
 7. A boiler according to claim 1, in which the outermost hollow body is provided with a passage therethrough communicating with said passage means and adapted to release flue gases therefrom.
 8. A boiler according to claim 1, in which the outermost hollow body has its bottom end provided with door means forming safety means during an explosion and also permitting access for cleaning purposes.
 9. A boiler according to claim 1, which includes a front door containing heat-insulating material and hinged to that end portion of the outermost hollow body which is remote from the bottom thereof, and burner means carried by said front door and extending from the outside to the inside of said front door.
 10. A boiler according to claim 1, in which said combustion chamber tapers in axial direction thereof.
 11. A boiler according to claim 3, in which the cross section of the space defined by the walls of at least one double-walled hollow body decreases toward the water outlet means thereof. 